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Sources & References

Research and data that inform our work.

01

Upstream Security

Global Automotive Cybersecurity Report (Annual) — Comprehensive analysis of cyber incidents, attack vectors, and trends across the connected vehicle ecosystem.

02

Mozilla Foundation

Privacy Not Included: Cars Edition (2023–2024) — Consumer-focused investigation into how automakers collect, share, and monetize driver data.

03

GAO — Government Accountability Office

Reports on Vehicle Cybersecurity — Federal assessments of cybersecurity risks in connected and autonomous vehicles.

04

NHTSA

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Cybersecurity Best Practices — Guidelines for the automotive industry on securing vehicle electronics and communications.

05

SAE International

J3061 Cybersecurity Guidebook & ISO/SAE 21434 — Industry standards for cybersecurity engineering in road vehicles.

06

McKinsey & Company

Automotive Software & Electronics Market Analysis — Market sizing and projections for software-defined vehicles and digital automotive services.

07

Pwn2Own Automotive

Annual Zero-Day Vulnerability Findings — Competitive security research revealing critical vulnerabilities in automotive systems.

08

Texas Legislature

House Select Committee on Emerging Technology — Legislative hearings and findings on cyber threats in transportation infrastructure.

09

IAATI

International Association of Auto Theft Investigators — Research on technology-enabled vehicle theft and fraud trends.

10

FBI IC3

Internet Crime Complaint Center Annual Reports — Federal data on cybercrime trends including vehicle-related fraud and identity theft.